1) Nicolette (dedicated to the poet and fellow-Apache Tristan Klingsor)
2) Trois beaux oiseaux du paradis (dedicated to Paul Painlevé, mathematician and briefly prime minister in 1917 and 1925)
3) Ronde (dedicated to Mme Paul Clemenceau, sister-in-law of the past and future prime minister Georges Clemenceau)
These songs for unaccompanied chorus were written between December 1914 (Trois beaux oiseaux) and February 1915 (Nicolette and Ronde), while Ravel was waiting to be enlisted in the army. The songs were published in 1916 (see Ravel's letter to Lucien Garban: in Orenstein [1989] letter no.134), but did not receive their first performance until October 1917 with a chorus assembled by Jane Bathori and her husband.
The songs mark a rare foray into choral writing for Ravel, the first since his ill-fated entries for the Prix de Rome (apart from the wordless choruses in Daphnis et Chloé). Part of the special interest of Trois chansons is that Ravel himself wrote the texts for them. The first and last of the poems have an ironic humour, and he clearly revelled in the use of language; the second makes repeated reference to going away to war, as its dedicatee Painlevé had already done, and as Ravel was then preoccupied with doing. [The only other work in which Ravel set his own text to music was Noël des jouets (1905).]
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Nicolette
Nicolette, à la vesprée,
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Trois beaux oiseaux du Paradis
Trois beaux oiseaux du Paradis,
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Ronde
[Les vieilles]
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Tristan Klingsor wrote about Ravel's poetry: "Il a donné lui-même le plus pur de son coeur avec les Trois chansons. Je ne parle pas seulement de la musique, du ravissant arrangement des voix, ni du tour mélodique cette fois vraiment proche du populaire; je parle des textes eux-mêmes. Ravel adorait la féerie puérile. Cet agenceur madré de croches et d'instruments avait en lui le plus frais des jardins secrets. Ce mathématicien de l'orchestre conservait des ingénuités de grand enfant. Le folklore ressuscite dans les poèmes de Ravel, avec ses familiarités, ses étrangetés, ses rapprochements singuliers. Comment a-t-on pu parler de sécheresse à son sujet?" (In Colette [1939] p.133).
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